Video explanation
Water enters a wheel from above, and gears transmit its rotation to a vertical shaft and millstones. A sluice changes speed and output.
Potential energy to work
Head and flow supply energy. Water’s weight in the buckets produces torque; incoming water is the energy source.
Gears change direction
Gears redirect the horizontal wheel shaft’s rotation into a vertical shaft driving the upper stone.
Load and water supply
Grinding consumes power. Less supply reduces speed; a sluice controls flow but cannot run the wheel without energy.